21 10 510 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/dee4d30f3f389b71ffdb546ab5023655.jpg bba00f506cd84f1cb7aa0343aab8cf56 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/a90e576658cbad84c28ad6e3183cab15.jpg 852ed6e3031696da6f0806012ce86eb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uvarov's Antiquities Description An account of the resource This collection contains six images from the volume published by <a href="/items/show/567" target="_self">Count A. S. Uvarov</a> under the title<a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"><img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&t=w" alt="" height="300" /></a> <a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self">Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea</a>. In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's <a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire</a> - the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) <a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imperial Archaeological Society</a>. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region. Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons): <blockquote>4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans; 5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers; 6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians; 7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them; 8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum); 9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman; 10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...<a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></blockquote> Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His Recherches, published in 1855, opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing. Contents of the 1851 Collection: Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations Berezan: 1 map Koblevka:1 view, 1 map Odessa: 1 map Lusdorf: 1 map Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration Ochakov: 1 illustration Kiliia: 1 illustration Kartal: 2 views, 1 map  Simferopol: 2 views  Bakla Kaia: 1 view Bakhchisarai: 2 views Chufut-Kale: 1 view, 1 illustration Tepekermen: 1 view Siuiren & Cherkes-Kermen: 1 illustration Mangup: 5 views, 2 illustrations Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views Khersones: 1 map, 2 illustrations Ai-Todor: 1 view Balaklava: 1 map Limena-Kale: 1 view Gurzuf: 1 view Eski-Krym: 2 views Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view Aftanizovka: 1 view Titarovka: 1 view Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir. V. Darleng printed the images.  <hr /> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context uvarov-antiquities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 1 of 69 plates Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 71 cm Repository Slavic and East European Collections, The New York Public Library; New York Public Library Digital Collections (<a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47de-7abf-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" target="_blank">go to the record</a>) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interior View of the Lower Church Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov, Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria (1851) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Drawn from nature by M. Vebel' Lithography byFrançois Joseph Dupressoir  Printed by V. Darleng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848-1851 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital image courtesy of the New York Public Library Description An account of the resource Chromolithograph. The French title of this lithograph ("view of the church at the foot of the mountain") makes no reference to the fact that this is, according to the Russian-language title, an interior view of the lower church. In Crimea, the most famous example of a church with "lower" and "upper churches" is the cathedral of St. Vladimir at Khersones, where the subterranean lower church marks the supposed site of the baptism of Prince Vladimir of Kiev in 988. architecture Greek church lithograph Orthodoxy ruin Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dachas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context gazetteer Description An account of the resource In simplest terms, a dacha was a portion of land given out by the tsar. The apportioning of land to servitors and favorites was hardly an innovation, but over the course of the eighteenth century the dacha became ever more closely associated with the expansion of the empire. Early in the century, Peter I imbued the dacha with a distinctly strategic character, distributing grants both as a form of incentive and a coercive strategy for affecting the physical transformation of his new capital at St. Petersburg. Devoid of any associations with wellness, leisure, comfort, or domesticity – this came later in the nineteenth century – the earlier iteration of the dacha referred to a plot of uninhabited, unbuilt, uncultivated land located some distance away from the proprietor’s primary residence. A diligent proprietor might convert it into an usad'ba (country estate), with formal or mature gardens and permanent dwellings, or into an agriculturally-productive site – a farm, an orchard, a cultivated woodland. The essence of the dacha was that it implied a dynamic relationship between owner and property and the conversion of empty spaces into usable, definable places. Related narration: <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/exhibits/show/dachageo" target="_self">Dacha Geography</a> <hr /> Dacha property Property Note Display Description It seems Catherine and Potemkin granted several dachas in this area (and with this name). A dacha of 657 desiatinas is attested in 1792. Another consisted of 1,091 desiatinas; the third consisted of 500 desiatinas near the villages of Isliam Terek and Kozy. This was prime, cultivable real estate and very likely consisted of vineyards given its location. Ownership Note Kamer-Junker Polekuch held the 657-desiatina dacha. Empress Catherine II herself granted the 500-desiatina dacha to Pul'kheria Zverevaia (lady of the bedchamber) and the larger dacha to Nataliia Egorovna Zverevaia. Dacha Grant Year 1792 Attestation 1794 Dacha Reports; 1802 Dacha Reports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Isliam-Terek Kozy Valley vineyards women Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dachas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context gazetteer Description An account of the resource In simplest terms, a dacha was a portion of land given out by the tsar. The apportioning of land to servitors and favorites was hardly an innovation, but over the course of the eighteenth century the dacha became ever more closely associated with the expansion of the empire. Early in the century, Peter I imbued the dacha with a distinctly strategic character, distributing grants both as a form of incentive and a coercive strategy for affecting the physical transformation of his new capital at St. Petersburg. Devoid of any associations with wellness, leisure, comfort, or domesticity – this came later in the nineteenth century – the earlier iteration of the dacha referred to a plot of uninhabited, unbuilt, uncultivated land located some distance away from the proprietor’s primary residence. A diligent proprietor might convert it into an usad'ba (country estate), with formal or mature gardens and permanent dwellings, or into an agriculturally-productive site – a farm, an orchard, a cultivated woodland. The essence of the dacha was that it implied a dynamic relationship between owner and property and the conversion of empty spaces into usable, definable places. Related narration: <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/exhibits/show/dachageo" target="_self">Dacha Geography</a> <hr /> Dacha property Property Note Display Description This dacha consisted of 1,232 cultivable desiatinas (3,326 acres). Ownership Note state peasant settlers Attestation 1794 Dacha Reports; 1802 Dacha Reports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Iziumskaia Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contributors Contributor Current Position Instructional Technologist, FAS Academic Technology, Harvard University Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jeremy Guillette Description An account of the resource Jeremy has been a key collaborator since the inception of this project. He provides crucial technical support with the Omeka platform and has helped shape the underlying architecture of both the site and the project itself. <a href="http://history.fas.harvard.edu/people/jeremy-guillette" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="https://atg.fas.harvard.edu/people/jeremy-guillette">Read more about Jeremy</a>. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contributors Contributor Status while working on Beautiful Spaces Graduate Student Research Assistant Current Position Higher Education Consultant, Aim High Writing College Consulting Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jessica Roberts Description An account of the resource While earning her M.A. in Regional Studies (Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia), Jessica performed primary research and helped compile and edit several core datasets. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessica-peyton-roberts-6211396a" target="_blank">Read more about Jessica</a>. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contributors Contributor Status while working on Beautiful Spaces Research Assistant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jordan Bryant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spatial Grammar Description An account of the resource [HOLD FOR INTRO TEXT]<hr /> Geographical feature manmade or natural Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kacha River Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abandoned Villages Description An account of the resource At the moment, this collection presents the contents of a list of sites abandoned in 1778 by various elements of the Christian population of the Crimean Khanate. Between July and September 1778, a grand total of 31,098 people (half the Christian population of the khanate) deserted Crimea and moved to Russian territory on the shores of the Sea of Azov. Empress Catherine II and a handful of powerful men on the ground clearly engineered this relocation, which has been described as everything from an episode of deportation to one of voluntary migration.  Catherine II's government spent 130,000 rubles in the process, but the results were priceless. The loss of thousands of Greeks, Georgians, and Armenians dealt a heavy blow to the khanate's economy (they tended lucrative gardens and orchards, cultivated vineyards, and dominated maritime trade through the Black Sea and beyond). Sahin Girey Khan's position was weakened beyond repair (already perceived as a lackey of the empress, his inability to halt the migration made clear Russia's lack of concern for the khan's ability to rule). An anxious Ottoman government deployed a fleet to Aktiar (the future site of Sevastopol) in August, only to be repulsed. Negotiations for a new peace settlement between St. Petersburg and the Porte got underway soon thereafter. The resulting Treaty of Ainali-Kavak secured the independent status of the khanate and required the removal of all Russian troops. This was no favor to the khan however. His position was tenuous at best; without the support of the empress's troops, he had precious little support. It wasn't long before the political situation in Crimea deteriorated, necessitating the return of Prince Potemkin and, by April 1783, the annexation of the khanate to Russia. <hr /> Abandoned place Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kachkal'ian Description An account of the resource 77 Greeks abandoned this area in 1778. Greek settlement Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gardens Description An account of the resource This collection describes 43 garden sites considered to be the property of the Russian state in the 1790s. The gardens described here contain 821 individually documented parcels. Together they covered 351 acres along the prime southern coast and river valleys, and contained nearly 20,000 trees (19,193, to be precise).  17 species are documented in the reports: plum (слив), hazelnut (фундук), walnut (волошские орехи), pear (груш), European pear (дулина), rowan (рябин), apple (яблон), cherry (черешен), cherry (вишне), aiva (айва), mulberry (щелковиц), olive (маслин), fig (инжер), date (фурма), medlar (мушмоль), peach (персик), and almond (миндал). The collection is based on a set of reports "<a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank">on the composition of the lands and gardens of Tavrida Province held as quitrent properties</a>" (freehold properties in return for which lessees paid a land tax) compiled between 1791 and 1794. <hr /> Garden location Ethnicity of owner Greek Arrangement gardens: 3, parcels: 4 Area not recorded Trees not recorded Species present not recorded Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kachkalion Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank">Report on state-owned fruit gardens and vineyards along the Belbek, Kacha, and Alma rivers</a> gardens: state-owned Greek property Kacha River Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abandoned Villages Description An account of the resource At the moment, this collection presents the contents of a list of sites abandoned in 1778 by various elements of the Christian population of the Crimean Khanate. Between July and September 1778, a grand total of 31,098 people (half the Christian population of the khanate) deserted Crimea and moved to Russian territory on the shores of the Sea of Azov. Empress Catherine II and a handful of powerful men on the ground clearly engineered this relocation, which has been described as everything from an episode of deportation to one of voluntary migration.  Catherine II's government spent 130,000 rubles in the process, but the results were priceless. The loss of thousands of Greeks, Georgians, and Armenians dealt a heavy blow to the khanate's economy (they tended lucrative gardens and orchards, cultivated vineyards, and dominated maritime trade through the Black Sea and beyond). Sahin Girey Khan's position was weakened beyond repair (already perceived as a lackey of the empress, his inability to halt the migration made clear Russia's lack of concern for the khan's ability to rule). An anxious Ottoman government deployed a fleet to Aktiar (the future site of Sevastopol) in August, only to be repulsed. Negotiations for a new peace settlement between St. Petersburg and the Porte got underway soon thereafter. The resulting Treaty of Ainali-Kavak secured the independent status of the khanate and required the removal of all Russian troops. This was no favor to the khan however. His position was tenuous at best; without the support of the empress's troops, he had precious little support. It wasn't long before the political situation in Crimea deteriorated, necessitating the return of Prince Potemkin and, by April 1783, the annexation of the khanate to Russia. <hr /> Abandoned place Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kafa Description An account of the resource 1,643 Greeks, 24 Georgians, and 5,511 Armenians abandoned this area in 1778. Writing in 1815, Bronevskii explained that “Feodosiia shows no sign of its former greatness – the destroy town of Kefe no longer exists, and for the construction of the new city, little by little, they are using the old remains and already piles of stones are being cleared from the streets.” (Bronevskii 1815, page 135) Armenian settlement Georgian settlement Greek settlement