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                  <text>The talents of Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884), a Swiss-born Italian artist who spent his youth in Odessa, attracted the attention of no less a figure than Count Mikhail Vorontsov, governor-general of New Russia and Bessarabia. Vorontsov commissed a series of views of Odessa, which Bossoli executed with success. Between 1840 and 1842 Bossoli lived on Vorontsov's estate at Alupka, using it as a base for exploring the peninsula in its entirety. He produced the album from which these watercolors are taken just as the Crimean War was breaking out in 1853. The timing was auspicious and Bossoli's publisher (Day &amp;amp; Son, lithographers to the Queen) was quite pleased with &lt;a title="the view from London" href="/items/show/615" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;the resulting buzz&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Bossoli's album is a rarity: no more than 500 copies were printed in 1856. The album consisted of 52 watercolors and pastels. The images shown here were digitized and graciously made available by the &lt;strong&gt;Gordon Library at Worcester Polytechnic Institute&lt;/strong&gt;. They are available here for educational, non-commercial purposes only.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly enough, a bilingual edition (Russian and English) was &lt;strong&gt;reproduced in Kiev in 2003&lt;/strong&gt;. The publication was made possible by 1) the Republican Committee for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 2) the Ministry of Culture of&amp;nbsp;the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and 3) the vice-chairman of the Council of Ministers of&amp;nbsp;the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The editors of the 2003 volume had high hopes that Crimea "should become an integral historical-cultural and natural preserve and prosper in the unity of nations living on its land." From their perspective, Bossoli's paintings "show the Crimea as an infinitely beautiful, well-developed, and happy land..."&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See for yourself.&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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              <text>1 of 34 leaves of colored plates</text>
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              <text>Gordon Library, Worcester Polytechnic Institute [&lt;a href="http://gordonlibrary.wpi.edu/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=6520" target="_blank"&gt;go to the record&lt;/a&gt;]</text>
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                <text>Panorama view of the city of Alushta, located on Crimea's southern coast with Crimean mountains in the background and Crimean Tatars on foot and on horseback in the foreground. </text>
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                <text>Carlo Bossoli,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The beautiful scenery and chief places of interest throughout the Crimea from paintings&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(London: Day &amp;amp; Son, 1856)</text>
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                <text>Carlo Bossoli</text>
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                <text>Image courtesy of Preservation, Curation and Archives, Gordon Library, Worcester Polytechnic Institute</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection contains six images from the volume published by &lt;a href="/items/show/567" target="_self"&gt;Count A. S. Uvarov&lt;/a&gt; under the title&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&amp;amp;t=w" alt="" height="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self"&gt;Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's &lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) &lt;a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Imperial Archaeological Society&lt;/a&gt;. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons):&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans;&lt;br /&gt;5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers;&lt;br /&gt;6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians;&lt;br /&gt;7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them;&lt;br /&gt;8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum);&lt;br /&gt;9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman;&lt;br /&gt;10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His &lt;em&gt;Recherches&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1855,&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Contents of the 1851 &lt;em&gt;Collection&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts&lt;br /&gt;Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Berezan: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Koblevka:1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Odessa: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Lusdorf: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Ochakov:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kiliia: 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kartal: 2 views,&amp;nbsp;1 map&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Simferopol: 2 views&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Bakla Kaia: 1&amp;nbsp;view&lt;br /&gt;Bakhchisarai:&amp;nbsp;2 views&lt;br /&gt;Chufut-Kale: 1&amp;nbsp;view, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Tepekermen: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Siuiren &amp;amp; Cherkes-Kermen:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Mangup: 5 views, 2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views&lt;br /&gt;Khersones: 1 map,&amp;nbsp;2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Ai-Todor: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Balaklava: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Limena-Kale: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Gurzuf: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Eski-Krym: 2 views&lt;br /&gt;Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Aftanizovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Titarovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir.&amp;nbsp;V. Darleng printed the images.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>View of the Nave in the Cave Church</text>
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                <text>Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(1851)</text>
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                <text>Drawn from nature by M. Vebel'&lt;br /&gt; Chromolithography by Semechkin&lt;br /&gt;Printed by V. Darleng</text>
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                <text>Digital image courtesy of the New York Public Library</text>
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                <text>Chromolithograph of a "cave church" at Mangup. Churches and monasteries were often built into the sides of cliffs in the Crimean mountains.  </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection contains six images from the volume published by &lt;a href="/items/show/567" target="_self"&gt;Count A. S. Uvarov&lt;/a&gt; under the title&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&amp;amp;t=w" alt="" height="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self"&gt;Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's &lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) &lt;a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Imperial Archaeological Society&lt;/a&gt;. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons):&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans;&lt;br /&gt;5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers;&lt;br /&gt;6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians;&lt;br /&gt;7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them;&lt;br /&gt;8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum);&lt;br /&gt;9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman;&lt;br /&gt;10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His &lt;em&gt;Recherches&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1855,&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Contents of the 1851 &lt;em&gt;Collection&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts&lt;br /&gt;Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Berezan: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Koblevka:1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Odessa: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Lusdorf: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Ochakov:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kiliia: 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kartal: 2 views,&amp;nbsp;1 map&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Simferopol: 2 views&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Bakla Kaia: 1&amp;nbsp;view&lt;br /&gt;Bakhchisarai:&amp;nbsp;2 views&lt;br /&gt;Chufut-Kale: 1&amp;nbsp;view, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Tepekermen: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Siuiren &amp;amp; Cherkes-Kermen:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Mangup: 5 views, 2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views&lt;br /&gt;Khersones: 1 map,&amp;nbsp;2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Ai-Todor: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Balaklava: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Limena-Kale: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Gurzuf: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Eski-Krym: 2 views&lt;br /&gt;Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Aftanizovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Titarovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir.&amp;nbsp;V. Darleng printed the images.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(1851)</text>
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                <text>Chromolithograph. The French title of this lithograph ("view of the church at the foot of the mountain") makes no reference to the fact that this is, according to the Russian-language title, an interior view of the &lt;em&gt;lower&lt;/em&gt; church. In Crimea, the most famous example of a church with "lower" and "upper churches" is the cathedral of St. Vladimir at Khersones, where the subterranean lower church marks the supposed site of the baptism of Prince Vladimir of Kiev in 988.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection contains six images from the volume published by &lt;a href="/items/show/567" target="_self"&gt;Count A. S. Uvarov&lt;/a&gt; under the title&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&amp;amp;t=w" alt="" height="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self"&gt;Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's &lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) &lt;a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Imperial Archaeological Society&lt;/a&gt;. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons):&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans;&lt;br /&gt;5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers;&lt;br /&gt;6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians;&lt;br /&gt;7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them;&lt;br /&gt;8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum);&lt;br /&gt;9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman;&lt;br /&gt;10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His &lt;em&gt;Recherches&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1855,&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Contents of the 1851 &lt;em&gt;Collection&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts&lt;br /&gt;Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Berezan: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Koblevka:1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Odessa: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Lusdorf: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Ochakov:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kiliia: 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kartal: 2 views,&amp;nbsp;1 map&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Simferopol: 2 views&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Bakla Kaia: 1&amp;nbsp;view&lt;br /&gt;Bakhchisarai:&amp;nbsp;2 views&lt;br /&gt;Chufut-Kale: 1&amp;nbsp;view, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Tepekermen: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Siuiren &amp;amp; Cherkes-Kermen:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Mangup: 5 views, 2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views&lt;br /&gt;Khersones: 1 map,&amp;nbsp;2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Ai-Todor: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Balaklava: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Limena-Kale: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Gurzuf: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Eski-Krym: 2 views&lt;br /&gt;Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Aftanizovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Titarovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir.&amp;nbsp;V. Darleng printed the images.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(1851)</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection contains six images from the volume published by &lt;a href="/items/show/567" target="_self"&gt;Count A. S. Uvarov&lt;/a&gt; under the title&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"&gt;&lt;img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&amp;amp;t=w" alt="" height="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self"&gt;Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's &lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) &lt;a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Imperial Archaeological Society&lt;/a&gt;. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons):&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans;&lt;br /&gt;5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers;&lt;br /&gt;6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians;&lt;br /&gt;7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them;&lt;br /&gt;8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum);&lt;br /&gt;9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman;&lt;br /&gt;10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His &lt;em&gt;Recherches&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1855,&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Contents of the 1851 &lt;em&gt;Collection&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts&lt;br /&gt;Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Berezan: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Koblevka:1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Odessa: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Lusdorf: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Ochakov:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kiliia: 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Kartal: 2 views,&amp;nbsp;1 map&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Simferopol: 2 views&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Bakla Kaia: 1&amp;nbsp;view&lt;br /&gt;Bakhchisarai:&amp;nbsp;2 views&lt;br /&gt;Chufut-Kale: 1&amp;nbsp;view, 1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Tepekermen: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Siuiren &amp;amp; Cherkes-Kermen:&amp;nbsp;1 illustration&lt;br /&gt;Mangup: 5 views, 2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views&lt;br /&gt;Khersones: 1 map,&amp;nbsp;2&amp;nbsp;illustrations&lt;br /&gt;Ai-Todor: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Balaklava: 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Limena-Kale: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Gurzuf: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Eski-Krym: 2 views&lt;br /&gt;Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map&lt;br /&gt;Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Aftanizovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;Titarovka: 1 view&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir.&amp;nbsp;V. Darleng printed the images.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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              <text>1 of 69 plates</text>
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                <text>Ruins of the Mosque of Sultan Baybars</text>
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                <text>View of the Mosque of Sultan Bibars</text>
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                <text>Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;(1851)</text>
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                <text>Drawn from nature by M. Vebel' &lt;br /&gt;Lithography by François Joseph Dupressoir &lt;br /&gt;Printed by V. Darleng</text>
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                <text>Digital image courtesy of the New York Public Library</text>
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                <text>Chromolithograph of a mosque built by Sultan Baybars (d. 1277) of Egypt. Baybars, one of the great Mamluk sultans, was likely a Kipchak Turk born in the Pontic steppe. He maintained close diplomatic ties with the Kipchak Khanate (also known as the Golden Horde), which controlled Crimea from the late thirteenth century to the mid fifteenth century, and commissioned the building of this mosque in Solhat (as Eski Krym was then known).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/neatline/fullscreen/the-mosque-of-sultan-baybars" target="_blank"&gt;Go to the annotated image.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Estates</text>
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                  <text>From the 1830s onward Crimea was a favored venue for prominent displays of wealth by powerful members of the ruling elite generally associated with the gulf-side imperial capital far away to the north. Rather than recreate the architecture of St. Petersburg on the Black Sea, many of those well-connected and well-to-do landowners made a conscious effort to accentuate the foreignness – perhaps even the exotic nature – of Crimea in the architecture of their estates and palaces. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For some, the distinctiveness of the landscape was rooted in its Greek legacy. Russians and foreigners alike, inspired by the classical revival in architecture sweeping across Europe, pointed excitedly to the tangible residue of this legacy which suddenly placed Tavrida on the intellectual and cultural map of western civilization. Grecian elements therefore dominated many early nineteenth-century buildings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other landowners – particularly the most wealthy and well-connected – played up the more exotic “Asiatic” legacy of Tavrida in their domestic landscapes. These nobles found it not just aesthetically pleasing but also empowering to incorporate elements of the local architectural tradition and natural landscape. In this they were no different than imperial elites elsewhere. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Russia, private residences were of particular importance to the articulation of the imperial presence in the borderland precisely because they were anything but private. Country houses and palaces were essentially public spaces, meant to attract the gaze of peers and peasants alike. The dignitaries, travelers and other visitors who penned detailed descriptions of Alupka, Gaspra, and Gurzuf inscribed these structures into the symbolic landscape of the province, but even on their own, the usad’by served as daily reminders of the reality of imperial authority to those who inhabited neighboring villages and worked in estate orchards and vineyards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, not all landowners were wealthy enough to build palaces or manor houses that could accommodate such lavish public spectacles. The majority of those who did command that level of wealth were not provincial nobles, but members of the ruling elite who owned estates but neither registered in the Tavrida noble register nor otherwise participated in daily life in the province. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bulk of Tavrida’s registered nobles were not part of the ruling elite, nor were they distinguished for their wealth. In 1789 Governor Zhegulin pointed out to Potemkin that many of the (non-Tatar) officials in Tavrida were quite small-time Little Russian nobles or Polish szlachta who owned between five and thirty-five serfs. The low population density of the province together with the freedom of the native population from serfdom prevented landowners from accumulating wealth in the form of souls until well into the nineteenth century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, most nobles (96% of non-Tatars and 88% of mirzas) in 1815 for example did own land from which they presumably drew sufficient income to maintain an honorable lifestyle. Of the 225 nobles registered between 1830 and 1853 for whom I have property data, 65% owned either arable or pasture land, and another 12% owned land in the form of orchards, gardens or vineyards. The remaining 23% owned houses and/or household servants and peasants, but did not mention landholding in their entries. Among ennobled mirzas, 96% owned land of some kind. Interestingly enough, they enjoyed average holdings three times larger than those of others, and a number of mirzas accumulated (or maintained) considerable annual incomes.&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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              <text>Slavic and East European Collections, The New York Public Library; New York Public Library Digital Collections (&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-3459-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" target="_blank"&gt;go to the record&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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                <text>View of the Imperial Palace of Orianda in Crimea</text>
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                <text>Haupt Ansicht des kaiserlichen Schlosses Orianda in der Krimm.</text>
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                <text>Werke der höheren Baukunst für die Ausführung erfunden von Schinkel (&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-3459-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99/book?parent=72337480-c6ba-012f-e5e3-58d385a7bc34#page/1/mode/2up" target="_blank"&gt;view as a book&lt;/a&gt;) (Potsdam, 1848)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art &amp;amp; Architecture Collection, The New York Public Library&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Created by Karl Friedrich Schinkel&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Lithography by H. Mützel&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; Published by Ferd Riegel</text>
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                <text>1848</text>
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                <text>Digital image courtesy of the New York Public Library</text>
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                <text>Chromolithograph of the "Palace of Orianda" designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781 – 1841).  </text>
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                  <text>Demidov's Voyage Illustrations</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Illustrations from a volume held at the John Hay Library, Brown University</text>
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                  <text>Anatole de Demidoff</text>
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                  <text>Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale et la Crimee</text>
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                <text>Chateau of Count Voronstov</text>
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                <text>View of Count Mikhail Vorontsov's palace in the distance with Crimean Tatar men gathered in a circle in the foreground. According to Demidov, the (coastal) region around Alupka, "washed in sunlight and bathed by the sea," was quite the fashionable destination as a romantic realm of summer residences studded with "Gothic castles, English cottages, Swiss chalets, [and] American farms" [28]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The image is dated 12 August 1837.</text>
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                <text>Anatolii Demidov, &lt;em&gt;Album du Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée, par la Hongrie, La Valachie et la Moldavie&amp;gt;, ed. Ernest Bourdin (Paris, 1838)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3403">
                <text>Denis Auguste Marie Raffet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3404">
                <text>1837</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3405">
                <text>Image courtesy of the Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="112">
        <name>castle</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>landscape</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="205">
        <name>lithograph</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="208">
        <name>sea</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="183">
        <name>southern coast</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="67">
        <name>Tatar culture</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
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