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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection describes 43 garden sites considered to be the property of the Russian state in the 1790s. The gardens described here contain&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;821 individually documented parcels&lt;/strong&gt;. Together they covered 351 acres along the prime southern coast and river valleys, and contained nearly 20,000 trees (19,193, to be precise).&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17 species are documented in the reports: plum (слив), hazelnut (фундук), walnut (волошские орехи), pear (груш), European pear (дулина),&amp;nbsp;rowan (рябин), apple (яблон), cherry (черешен), cherry (вишне), aiva (айва), mulberry (щелковиц), olive (маслин), fig (инжер), date (фурма), medlar (мушмоль), peach (персик), and almond (миндал).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The collection is based on a set of reports "&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;on the composition of the lands and gardens of Tavrida Province held as quitrent properties&lt;/a&gt;" (freehold properties in return for which lessees paid a land tax) compiled between 1791 and 1794.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;Report on state-owned fruit gardens and vineyards along the Belbek, Kacha, and Alma rivers&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection describes 43 garden sites considered to be the property of the Russian state in the 1790s. The gardens described here contain&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;821 individually documented parcels&lt;/strong&gt;. Together they covered 351 acres along the prime southern coast and river valleys, and contained nearly 20,000 trees (19,193, to be precise).&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17 species are documented in the reports: plum (слив), hazelnut (фундук), walnut (волошские орехи), pear (груш), European pear (дулина),&amp;nbsp;rowan (рябин), apple (яблон), cherry (черешен), cherry (вишне), aiva (айва), mulberry (щелковиц), olive (маслин), fig (инжер), date (фурма), medlar (мушмоль), peach (персик), and almond (миндал).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The collection is based on a set of reports "&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;on the composition of the lands and gardens of Tavrida Province held as quitrent properties&lt;/a&gt;" (freehold properties in return for which lessees paid a land tax) compiled between 1791 and 1794.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;Report on state-owned fruit gardens and vineyards along the Belbek, Kacha, and Alma rivers&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection describes 43 garden sites considered to be the property of the Russian state in the 1790s. The gardens described here contain&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;821 individually documented parcels&lt;/strong&gt;. Together they covered 351 acres along the prime southern coast and river valleys, and contained nearly 20,000 trees (19,193, to be precise).&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17 species are documented in the reports: plum (слив), hazelnut (фундук), walnut (волошские орехи), pear (груш), European pear (дулина),&amp;nbsp;rowan (рябин), apple (яблон), cherry (черешен), cherry (вишне), aiva (айва), mulberry (щелковиц), olive (маслин), fig (инжер), date (фурма), medlar (мушмоль), peach (персик), and almond (миндал).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The collection is based on a set of reports "&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;on the composition of the lands and gardens of Tavrida Province held as quitrent properties&lt;/a&gt;" (freehold properties in return for which lessees paid a land tax) compiled between 1791 and 1794.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/939" target="_blank"&gt;Report on state-owned fruit gardens and vineyards along the Belbek, Kacha, and Alma rivers&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Alupka was graced with plentiful raspberry, pear and fig trees and the cypresses planted by order of Potemkin in the 1780s. There were groves of laurel, and “everywhere wonderful rose bushes, lavender, jasmine and lilies,” gushed Bronevskii, “such that I thought I was in Italy.”</text>
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                <text>Bronevskii, &lt;em&gt;Obozrenie iuzhnago berega Tavridy v 1815 godu&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Tula: Tip. Gubernskoe pravlenie, 1822): 59-60.</text>
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                <text>Where have all the forests gone?</text>
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                <text>Around Sevastopol there remained not one trace of forest.  “The land belonging to the city was little by little given out in parcels to naval officers, who were obligated to plant gardens and plots of vegetables.”(Bronevskii, 16)</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Source Maps</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>These are the core historical maps which I have mined for spatial data. I have used them to help me locate places that no longer exist, as well as to think about how Crimean space was conceptualized - and how places were defined in relation to one another - in the 19th century.</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4985">
                <text>Keppen's map of Southern Crimea</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This digital copy of Keppen's map was made from a copy of an edition of the map held by the library of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The map has four sheets; the digital version contains 8 images.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4987">
                <text>Karta iuzhnago Kryma, prinadlezhashchaia k Krymskomu Sborniku Petra Keppena (S. Peterburg: Graf M. S. Vorontsov, 1836)</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Petr Keppen</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4989">
                <text>Originally published by the Governor-General of Novorossiia and Bessarabia, Count M. S. Vorontsov. Digital images made available by Sergei L'vovich Smekalov (archmap.ru).</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1836</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4991">
                <text>Russian</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="899" public="1" featured="0">
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4994">
                <text>Sudak vineyards</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4995">
                <text>According to Keppen, Sudak was not so much a town as it was a sprawling vineyard sewn with little houses occupied by their owners during the autumn harvest. (Keppen, 124)&#13;
&#13;
Writing at nearly the same time as Keppen, Bronevskii claimed that Sudak once had over 100,000 inhabitants. By 1815, in addition to the 100 invalids settled in poor quarters, there was no one. &#13;
&#13;
In spring though, and in autumn, approximately 2,000 workers and manufacturers came to work the land and harvest the grapes.(Bronevskii 1815, page 123)</text>
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  <item itemId="900" public="1" featured="0">
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Viticulture in 1793</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="901" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4145">
                  <text>Biographical Sketches</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4146">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Brief biographies of men and women whose names crop up in the sources, in this project, and in the book. Please note that the mirzas described in the "mirza sketches" are not included here.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="12">
      <name>Person</name>
      <description>An individual.</description>
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        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4999">
              <text>1771</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="5000">
              <text>1828</text>
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        <element elementId="35">
          <name>Biographical Text</name>
          <description>Display Description</description>
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              <text>Semen studied at the Azov Province Survey Expedition. One of his first military posts was as a surveyor in Tavrida province (with the rank of ensign). He participated in the storming of Anapa, and in the suppression of the "confederates" in Poland in the early 1790s. He later served in the Mariupol Hussars regiment, and in 1797 was sent to conduct topographical surveys of Crimea and the Black Sea provinces. In the next decade Mukhin produced a general map of the empire. Talented but with a flawed work ethic, Mukhin was demoted from the heights of quartermaster-general to the post of chief of the Cartography Depot in 1812. His major assignment was the topographical mapping of Crimea, to which he devoted himself in 1816, producing his renowned map of 1817.</text>
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        </element>
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    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4998">
                <text>Semen Aleksandrovich Mukhin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="166">
        <name>cartographer</name>
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      <tag tagId="169">
        <name>military officer</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="906" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="230">
        <src>https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/1bea7691a614bd67ea967561e5fa4058.png</src>
        <authentication>d893fa445c555b7d03b7d37a5615910a</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4217">
                  <text>Spatial Grammar</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4939">
                  <text>[HOLD FOR INTRO TEXT]&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="25">
      <name>Geographical feature</name>
      <description>manmade or natural</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5017">
                <text>Chatyr Dag</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5264">
                <text>Chatyr Dag stands 5,010 feet above sea level. It looms over the seaside town of Alushta on the south-eastern coast of Crimea.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="96">
        <name>mountains</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
