46 10 510 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Monumental Inscription Description An account of the resource [HOLD FOR INTRO TEXT]<hr /> Narration fragment Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Odessa Society gets its hands dirty Description An account of the resource In 1836, Governor General Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov commissioned the translation (into Russian) of the Arabic and Ottoman inscriptions at Bahcesaray as one of the first scholarly projects of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities. The lion's share of work fell to <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/568" target="_blank">A. A. Borzenko</a> and F. M. Dombrovskij who, between them, translated 130 inscriptions.  The fruit of their labor was vetted in 1842 by Khristian Danilovich Fren (Christian Martin Joachim Frähn), the leading Orientalist at the Russian Academy of Sciences and first director of the "<a title="architect of the "Eastern" cabinet" href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/583" target="_self">Eastern Cabinet</a>" (later known as the Asiatic Museum), and by V. P. Kuz'min, Professor of Eastern Languages at the Richelieu Institute in Odessa. Fren extolled the work of Borzenko and Dombrovskij as a rare service to the scholarly community; the Odessa Society proclaimed the set of translations as nothing less than "a monument of the dominion of the khans at the Alhambra-Bakhchesaray; one that attests to the genealogy and chronology of the Crimean Khans and to the sources of their enlightenment". It appeared, at long last, under the title "<a title="off to the bibliography" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/JU339MJZ" target="_blank">Arabic and Turkish Inscriptions of Bakhchesaraj</a>" in the second volume of the <a title="read about the Proceedings" href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/items/show/569" target="_self">Proceedings of the Odessa Society</a> (1848-1849). https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/1deb80ddb30ded690cb991fee1c8c594.png e1cd153f69be503559c0ec968c9fe6e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The pleasure palace of Aşlama Neatline Display Neatline Exhibit 39 Neatline Record 222 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annotations Description An account of the resource Collections of the annotations used to reflect upon, expand upon, contextualize, link, or question the content of the site. Each annotation is linked to the material that inspired it via Item Relations. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context annotations Annotation notes on Items, Pages, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The View from London Description An account of the resource At mid-century, a shilling bought you entrance to the French Exhibition Gallery on London's Pall-mall. There, in March 1856, you could take in the "Crimean Exhibition," which consisted of "authentic sketches, drawings, and pictures" of famous events such as the battle of Balaklava and of romantic landscapes such as those executed by Carlo Bossoli. [<a>The Times</a> (London, England), Thursday, Mar 20, 1856; pg. 1; Issue 22320.] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Many Lives of Mirzas Description An account of the resource This collection contains biographical sketches of the 39 members of the Crimean Tatar elite who were registered as members of the nobility of Tavrida Province and whose noble status was recognized by the imperial government in St. Petersburg.  Official recognition of noble status came via approval of the Heraldry Office and subsequent inscription in the noble register (rodoslovnaia kniga / родословная книга) of any given province of the empire. The <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/crimeaproject/items/show/312" target="_blank">Tavrida noble register</a> was compiled on an annual basis starting in 1804 by the provincial noble assembly. Between 1804 and 1853 there were 660 entries, only 39 of which described Crimean Tatars. The 39 entries, all of which are presented here, dealt with a total of 51 Crimean Tatar nobles (brothers and cousins often petitioned together for inclusion in the noble register), along with their families. Though they do little more than scratch the surface of Crimean Tatar (elite) life under Russian rule, they provide compelling evidence of the ways in which kinship and service could be converted into enhanced social status. A few notes before you dig in: All names are transliterated from Russian, which was the language of the noble registers. This accounts for the odd spellings of Tatar and Turkic names. Each entry is a highly structured text, its format standardized across all the provinces of the Russian Empire. That structure is reflected in the way the information within each entry is presented here. As you move through this collection, pay attention to clan names, variations in title (murza, bey, aga), family structure (particularly the importance of lateral kinship), and the dramatic variation in service records and landownership. In order to get a full sense of the connections among individuals, 1) use the "Item Relations" (at the end of each entry), which mark kinship relations and connections to key archival sources that might remain opaque when going the material Item-by-Item; and 2), surf the tags! Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kelly O'Neill Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1853 Member of the Crimean Tatar Elite limited to Crimean Tatars Rank [Father held rank of Major.] Year of Inscription 1832 Inscription Note Display Description Petitioned on the basis of his "ancient origins" but was inscribed in part 3 of the rodoslovnaia kniga (reserved for those who attained civil rank of 8 or higher). Birth Date 1795 Family & Background Togay Murza (37) was widower with a two-year old son, Megmetcha. His father, Azamat Aga, had attained the rank of 2nd Major in 1786. Service Record [no notation] Residence & Property Resided in Simferopol district, where he owned forest land amounting to 25,647 desiatinas along with his brothers. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Togay Mirza Argin Subject The topic of the resource Tavrida noble register entry elite clan forests landowner Simferopol uezd vertical kinship widower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dachas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context gazetteer Description An account of the resource In simplest terms, a dacha was a portion of land given out by the tsar. The apportioning of land to servitors and favorites was hardly an innovation, but over the course of the eighteenth century the dacha became ever more closely associated with the expansion of the empire. Early in the century, Peter I imbued the dacha with a distinctly strategic character, distributing grants both as a form of incentive and a coercive strategy for affecting the physical transformation of his new capital at St. Petersburg. Devoid of any associations with wellness, leisure, comfort, or domesticity – this came later in the nineteenth century – the earlier iteration of the dacha referred to a plot of uninhabited, unbuilt, uncultivated land located some distance away from the proprietor’s primary residence. A diligent proprietor might convert it into an usad'ba (country estate), with formal or mature gardens and permanent dwellings, or into an agriculturally-productive site – a farm, an orchard, a cultivated woodland. The essence of the dacha was that it implied a dynamic relationship between owner and property and the conversion of empty spaces into usable, definable places. Related narration: <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/exhibits/show/dachageo" target="_self">Dacha Geography</a> <hr /> Dacha property Property Note Display Description A dacha composed of 3,573 desiatinas (9,646 acres), of which 36% was considered suitable for cultivation. Ownership Note Collegiate Councillor Notara; Kamerdiner Bajer Dacha Grant Year 1788 Attestation 1794 Dacha Reports; 1802 Dacha Reports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tokluk settler property Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abandoned Villages Description An account of the resource At the moment, this collection presents the contents of a list of sites abandoned in 1778 by various elements of the Christian population of the Crimean Khanate. Between July and September 1778, a grand total of 31,098 people (half the Christian population of the khanate) deserted Crimea and moved to Russian territory on the shores of the Sea of Azov. Empress Catherine II and a handful of powerful men on the ground clearly engineered this relocation, which has been described as everything from an episode of deportation to one of voluntary migration.  Catherine II's government spent 130,000 rubles in the process, but the results were priceless. The loss of thousands of Greeks, Georgians, and Armenians dealt a heavy blow to the khanate's economy (they tended lucrative gardens and orchards, cultivated vineyards, and dominated maritime trade through the Black Sea and beyond). Sahin Girey Khan's position was weakened beyond repair (already perceived as a lackey of the empress, his inability to halt the migration made clear Russia's lack of concern for the khan's ability to rule). An anxious Ottoman government deployed a fleet to Aktiar (the future site of Sevastopol) in August, only to be repulsed. Negotiations for a new peace settlement between St. Petersburg and the Porte got underway soon thereafter. The resulting Treaty of Ainali-Kavak secured the independent status of the khanate and required the removal of all Russian troops. This was no favor to the khan however. His position was tenuous at best; without the support of the empress's troops, he had precious little support. It wasn't long before the political situation in Crimea deteriorated, necessitating the return of Prince Potemkin and, by April 1783, the annexation of the khanate to Russia. <hr /> Abandoned place Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Toli Description An account of the resource 32 Greeks abandoned this area in 1778. Greek settlement https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/9d943b39f31806b737a2b87d4b54ca59.png 92b4be10afd4882e1d8b969804b87fbb Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tomb inscription Description An account of the resource Translation of the ZOOID note: "Inscription over the doors of the tomb built, it is thought, by Mengli Giray Khan for his father, Haji Giray Khan, outside Bahçesaray at Chufut Kale (the Jewish fortress), in the area called Salaçık." Translation of the Russian translation of the inscription: "The great Khan, renowned Kagan, and sovereign, Mengli Girey Khan, son of Hadzhi Girey Khan, built this sacred, peaceful, and beautiful tomb. Year 907. (1501 according to the Russian Orthodox calendar.) burial site ruin Tatar culture https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/b3d6af04156c222096d3183b1234ea07.tif 96099cf7a9ab2bd6d523dec6a4cec4d2 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/9b0726cacca687d4d950f48d0091b548.png 9f5f4c284058dbf1dbd268a877fdd58c https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/cb18af7c10132e38a03a9474a42095bd.jpg 7e3ad62240b32ba0fe1060101aaaceb1 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/2250a8ab8ebfbe86a2ef52af29ab81cb.jpg 6dc1865fa2dcfa7cd0fe15eeb92879f1 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/8ba1cb36f227e4b559bf817ea08643bb.JPG 0445ec3fa2809737239ad0fea6ce8374 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/319d78565c443daa40423323fc808a02.png f1872694841151c564736e24f9034597 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/beautifulspaces/original/b16233c0aa8b980f9e70fa3d51e49666.png d70fd4a095c9120a41e86ec12064aa8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uvarov's Antiquities Description An account of the resource This collection contains six images from the volume published by <a href="/items/show/567" target="_self">Count A. S. Uvarov</a> under the title<a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/sobranie-kart-i-risunkov-k-izledovaniam-o-drevnostiakh-iuzhnoi-rossii-i-beregov#/?tab=about"><img style="float: right;" src="http://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=1507200&t=w" alt="" height="300" /></a> <a title="go to the Item" href="/items/show/585" target="_self">Collection of maps and drawings for the study of the antiquities of Southern Russia and the Shores of the Black Sea</a>. In part, this was the illustrated companion to Uvarov's <a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Recherches sur les antiquités de la Russie méridionale et des côtes de la mer Noire</a> - the written result of the expedition commissioned in 1847. Uvarov's charge came from Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, President of the Imperial Academy of Arts and of the newly-established (1846) <a title="read about the history of archaeological societies in Russia described in the Brokhaus-Efron Encyclopedia" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imperial Archaeological Society</a>. He was to conduct research at any and all sites "mentioned by the ancient writers" from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Phasis (Rioni) in Georgia, and to pay attention to the disposition of burial mounds throughout the region. Points 4 though 10 of the expedition instruction are an excellent thumbnail sketch of the significance of the Black Sea littoral from the vantage point of mid-19th century archaeologists (and their patrons): <blockquote>4. To determine the elevation of ancient places for which there are no good plans; 5. To study the remains and ruins to be found in the Crimean interior, notably along the Salgir, Belbek, and Mangush rivers; 6. Apart from antiquities of the classical period, to make inquiries into the antiquities of all time periods, including those of the Scythians, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Russians; 7. To collect all the ancient inscriptions, known or unknown, making copies or imprints of them; 8. To verify [Paul] DuBrux's claims about Nymphaea (Kara Bouroum); 9. To visit the museums at Nikolaief, Theodosie, and Odessa, and the antiquities found at the church at Taman; 10. Sepulchres of several Scythian kings are said to exist along the north coast of the Putrid Sea: to see whether these claims have any foundation...<a title="bibliographic citation" href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/beautiful_spaces/items/itemKey/CFKJ3VJZ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></blockquote> Uvarov did not fulfill the instruction. At least, not in print. His Recherches, published in 1855, opens with allusions to extenuating circumstances but also to his decision to exercise discretion, before going on to describe the course of the Dnepr from the famous rapids to Nicopolis (chapter 1), and Olbia and the mouth of the Bug River (chapter 2). Uvarov spent a good deal of time on excavations in Tavrida province in 1853-1854, but the geogrpahical spread of the maps and views included in the volume of illustrations, which was published four years earlier, suggests that Uvarov had in fact made his way through the entire littoral as it was mapped out for him in the expedition instruction. Perhaps, when it came down to it, he simply preferred digging to writing. Contents of the 1851 Collection: Dnepr River: 4 views, 1 map, 1 illustration of artifacts Ol'viia: 3 views, 2 maps, 11 illustrations Berezan: 1 map Koblevka:1 view, 1 map Odessa: 1 map Lusdorf: 1 map Dnestr (near Malakhovaia) 1 map Akkerman: 2 views, 1 illustration Ochakov: 1 illustration Kiliia: 1 illustration Kartal: 2 views, 1 map  Simferopol: 2 views  Bakla Kaia: 1 view Bakhchisarai: 2 views Chufut-Kale: 1 view, 1 illustration Tepekermen: 1 view Siuiren & Cherkes-Kermen: 1 illustration Mangup: 5 views, 2 illustrations Cherkes-Kermen: 3 views Khersones: 1 map, 2 illustrations Ai-Todor: 1 view Balaklava: 1 map Limena-Kale: 1 view Gurzuf: 1 view Eski-Krym: 2 views Temriuk: 1 view, 1 map Stantsiia Sennaia: 1 view Aftanizovka: 1 view Titarovka: 1 view Credit for the production of the illustrations goes not to Uvarov, but to the artist who travelled with him, M. Vebel'. The lithography is by François Joseph Dupressoir. V. Darleng printed the images.  <hr /> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context uvarov-antiquities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 71 cm Repository Slavic and East European Collections, The New York Public Library; New York Public Library Digital Collections (<a href="http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47de-7abf-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" target="_blank" rel="noopener">go to the record</a>) Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 1 of 69 plates Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tomb of Mengli Giray Гробница Менгли-Гирея Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Aleksei Sergeevich Uvarov, Sobranie kart i risunkov k izledovaniam o drevnostiakh IUzhnnoi Rossii i beregov CHernago Moria (1851) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848-1851 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital image courtesy of the New York Public Library Description An account of the resource Chromolithograph of the mausoleum of the founder of the Giray dynasty and his successor, Mengli Giray (d.1515), who commissioned the building.<a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/neatline/show/tomb-of-mengli-giray#records/74" target="_self"> Examine the image in more detail here</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Drawn from nature by M. Vebel' Lithography by François Joseph Dupressoir Printed by V. Darleng lithograph monument ruin Tatar culture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abandoned Villages Description An account of the resource At the moment, this collection presents the contents of a list of sites abandoned in 1778 by various elements of the Christian population of the Crimean Khanate. Between July and September 1778, a grand total of 31,098 people (half the Christian population of the khanate) deserted Crimea and moved to Russian territory on the shores of the Sea of Azov. Empress Catherine II and a handful of powerful men on the ground clearly engineered this relocation, which has been described as everything from an episode of deportation to one of voluntary migration.  Catherine II's government spent 130,000 rubles in the process, but the results were priceless. The loss of thousands of Greeks, Georgians, and Armenians dealt a heavy blow to the khanate's economy (they tended lucrative gardens and orchards, cultivated vineyards, and dominated maritime trade through the Black Sea and beyond). Sahin Girey Khan's position was weakened beyond repair (already perceived as a lackey of the empress, his inability to halt the migration made clear Russia's lack of concern for the khan's ability to rule). An anxious Ottoman government deployed a fleet to Aktiar (the future site of Sevastopol) in August, only to be repulsed. Negotiations for a new peace settlement between St. Petersburg and the Porte got underway soon thereafter. The resulting Treaty of Ainali-Kavak secured the independent status of the khanate and required the removal of all Russian troops. This was no favor to the khan however. His position was tenuous at best; without the support of the empress's troops, he had precious little support. It wasn't long before the political situation in Crimea deteriorated, necessitating the return of Prince Potemkin and, by April 1783, the annexation of the khanate to Russia. <hr /> Abandoned place Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Topchak Description An account of the resource 103 Greeks and 10 Armenians abandoned this area in 1778. Armenian settlement Greek settlement Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dachas Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context gazetteer Description An account of the resource In simplest terms, a dacha was a portion of land given out by the tsar. The apportioning of land to servitors and favorites was hardly an innovation, but over the course of the eighteenth century the dacha became ever more closely associated with the expansion of the empire. Early in the century, Peter I imbued the dacha with a distinctly strategic character, distributing grants both as a form of incentive and a coercive strategy for affecting the physical transformation of his new capital at St. Petersburg. Devoid of any associations with wellness, leisure, comfort, or domesticity – this came later in the nineteenth century – the earlier iteration of the dacha referred to a plot of uninhabited, unbuilt, uncultivated land located some distance away from the proprietor’s primary residence. A diligent proprietor might convert it into an usad'ba (country estate), with formal or mature gardens and permanent dwellings, or into an agriculturally-productive site – a farm, an orchard, a cultivated woodland. The essence of the dacha was that it implied a dynamic relationship between owner and property and the conversion of empty spaces into usable, definable places. Related narration: <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/exhibits/show/dachageo" target="_self">Dacha Geography</a> <hr /> Dacha property Property Note Display Description A dacha composed of 7 desiatinas (19 acres), of which 88% was considered suitable for cultivation. Ownership Note Colonel Strukov Dacha Grant Year 1787 Attestation 1802 Dacha Reports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Topchikoiskoi garden settler property