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                  <text>Crimea was (and still is) uniquely studded with fallen slabs, old foundations, ancient walls, gravestones, and mounds of earth that have grown incrementally over the years to cover the bones of past lives. On my first visit to Sevastopol a friend explained that every good rain dislodged chards of pottery, the occasional coin, and other sundry treasures. And sure enough, when we went trekking in the mountains above Laspi later that week - keeping a sharp eye out for wild boar - I found three small bits of pottery, the edges worn smooth but the greens and blues of their surfaces still vivid. My friend chuckled and dismissed them as insignificant - the pieces dated to the fourteenth or maybe fifteenth century, after all - but I savored the extraordinary feeling of that small weight in my palm, sun-warm and heavy with historical memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1837 the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg published a remarkable study&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast of Crimea and the Tavridan Mountains&lt;/em&gt;. The book's author,&amp;nbsp;Peter Keppen, spent 5 years living in Crimea while serving as assistant to the chief of silk production (shelkovodstvo). During that time he traveled almost obsessively, collecting material for his geographical and archaeological projects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the dedication (addressed, of course, to Tsar Nicholas I), Keppen describes Crimea as "the most charming of all the countries prospering" under Romanov rule. His book lovingly documents the location, history, and status of inscribed stones, marble columns, churches, and tombstones, but the bulk of material details defensive towers and walls. Keppen saw Crimea - in antiquity - as a territory divided between a savage, predatory north and a luxuriously beautiful south hemmed in by the Tauride (or Tavridan) mountains on one side and the Black Sea on the other. The fortified line that separated one from the other was, to him, one of the two organizing features of Crimean space (or of its antique space anyway).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second feature was sedimentation. Keppen was acutely aware of the way in which the passage of time imprinted itself on the landscape. At one point he describes finding the remains of an ancient fortification with thick walls of "wild stone" on the heights of Ayudag. "And is it surprising?" Keppen asks. "One must remember that this place has not been inhabited since 1475. And since then the spring sun has warmed the mountain tops and new growth has sprung from the depths of the earth no fewer than 360 times. 360 times over autumn storms have torn the leaves from trees and ripped the grasses, each year creating a new layer to cover any traces of human existence!"(170)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keppen would tell you that to see Crimea, one had to dig.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This collection contains all of the sites (though not all of the individual stones!) discussed in &lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;It includes 4 mausoleums, 9 Greek churches, and 58 fortifications. Each and every one was a ruin even before Keppen laid eyes on it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related gallery: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/19" target="_self"&gt;Uvarov's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related narrations&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/37" target="_self"&gt;Among the Ruins&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/40" target="_self"&gt;A Monumental Inscription&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related source map&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/item/898" target="_blank"&gt;Keppen's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>The earliest cartographic attestation of Orianda, according to Keppen, is in the 1480 "atlas of Beninkaza of Ancona" [here he is referring to the portolan chart of the Black Sea by the famous cartographer Grazioso Benincasa], which Count Ivan (Jan) Osipovich Pototskii found in the court library of Vienna. (Pototskii published the book containing this reference (Memoire sur un nouveau peryple du Pont Euxi) in Vienna in 1796.) The cliff and fortification belong to the tsar's garden property. (189-190)</text>
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                <text>One of the trio of capes that mark the shift in topography from the southwesterly line to a westerly line along the coast to Balaklava. Anyone stationed here could see Ruskofil Kale, Palikaster, Yalta, Uchansu-Isar, and Orianda. Only the foundations of the walls remain, and traces of other buildings, along with a stand of junipers.(191-193)</text>
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                  <text>Crimea was (and still is) uniquely studded with fallen slabs, old foundations, ancient walls, gravestones, and mounds of earth that have grown incrementally over the years to cover the bones of past lives. On my first visit to Sevastopol a friend explained that every good rain dislodged chards of pottery, the occasional coin, and other sundry treasures. And sure enough, when we went trekking in the mountains above Laspi later that week - keeping a sharp eye out for wild boar - I found three small bits of pottery, the edges worn smooth but the greens and blues of their surfaces still vivid. My friend chuckled and dismissed them as insignificant - the pieces dated to the fourteenth or maybe fifteenth century, after all - but I savored the extraordinary feeling of that small weight in my palm, sun-warm and heavy with historical memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1837 the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg published a remarkable study&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast of Crimea and the Tavridan Mountains&lt;/em&gt;. The book's author,&amp;nbsp;Peter Keppen, spent 5 years living in Crimea while serving as assistant to the chief of silk production (shelkovodstvo). During that time he traveled almost obsessively, collecting material for his geographical and archaeological projects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the dedication (addressed, of course, to Tsar Nicholas I), Keppen describes Crimea as "the most charming of all the countries prospering" under Romanov rule. His book lovingly documents the location, history, and status of inscribed stones, marble columns, churches, and tombstones, but the bulk of material details defensive towers and walls. Keppen saw Crimea - in antiquity - as a territory divided between a savage, predatory north and a luxuriously beautiful south hemmed in by the Tauride (or Tavridan) mountains on one side and the Black Sea on the other. The fortified line that separated one from the other was, to him, one of the two organizing features of Crimean space (or of its antique space anyway).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second feature was sedimentation. Keppen was acutely aware of the way in which the passage of time imprinted itself on the landscape. At one point he describes finding the remains of an ancient fortification with thick walls of "wild stone" on the heights of Ayudag. "And is it surprising?" Keppen asks. "One must remember that this place has not been inhabited since 1475. And since then the spring sun has warmed the mountain tops and new growth has sprung from the depths of the earth no fewer than 360 times. 360 times over autumn storms have torn the leaves from trees and ripped the grasses, each year creating a new layer to cover any traces of human existence!"(170)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keppen would tell you that to see Crimea, one had to dig.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This collection contains all of the sites (though not all of the individual stones!) discussed in &lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;It includes 4 mausoleums, 9 Greek churches, and 58 fortifications. Each and every one was a ruin even before Keppen laid eyes on it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related gallery: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/19" target="_self"&gt;Uvarov's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related narrations&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/37" target="_self"&gt;Among the Ruins&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/40" target="_self"&gt;A Monumental Inscription&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related source map&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/item/898" target="_blank"&gt;Keppen's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Northwest of the cape of Ay Todor. This fortification is "the work of nature": a glade 40 feet by 8 feet almost completely enclosed by walls of rock.(194) </text>
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                  <text>Crimea was (and still is) uniquely studded with fallen slabs, old foundations, ancient walls, gravestones, and mounds of earth that have grown incrementally over the years to cover the bones of past lives. On my first visit to Sevastopol a friend explained that every good rain dislodged chards of pottery, the occasional coin, and other sundry treasures. And sure enough, when we went trekking in the mountains above Laspi later that week - keeping a sharp eye out for wild boar - I found three small bits of pottery, the edges worn smooth but the greens and blues of their surfaces still vivid. My friend chuckled and dismissed them as insignificant - the pieces dated to the fourteenth or maybe fifteenth century, after all - but I savored the extraordinary feeling of that small weight in my palm, sun-warm and heavy with historical memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1837 the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg published a remarkable study&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast of Crimea and the Tavridan Mountains&lt;/em&gt;. The book's author,&amp;nbsp;Peter Keppen, spent 5 years living in Crimea while serving as assistant to the chief of silk production (shelkovodstvo). During that time he traveled almost obsessively, collecting material for his geographical and archaeological projects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the dedication (addressed, of course, to Tsar Nicholas I), Keppen describes Crimea as "the most charming of all the countries prospering" under Romanov rule. His book lovingly documents the location, history, and status of inscribed stones, marble columns, churches, and tombstones, but the bulk of material details defensive towers and walls. Keppen saw Crimea - in antiquity - as a territory divided between a savage, predatory north and a luxuriously beautiful south hemmed in by the Tauride (or Tavridan) mountains on one side and the Black Sea on the other. The fortified line that separated one from the other was, to him, one of the two organizing features of Crimean space (or of its antique space anyway).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second feature was sedimentation. Keppen was acutely aware of the way in which the passage of time imprinted itself on the landscape. At one point he describes finding the remains of an ancient fortification with thick walls of "wild stone" on the heights of Ayudag. "And is it surprising?" Keppen asks. "One must remember that this place has not been inhabited since 1475. And since then the spring sun has warmed the mountain tops and new growth has sprung from the depths of the earth no fewer than 360 times. 360 times over autumn storms have torn the leaves from trees and ripped the grasses, each year creating a new layer to cover any traces of human existence!"(170)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keppen would tell you that to see Crimea, one had to dig.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This collection contains all of the sites (though not all of the individual stones!) discussed in &lt;em&gt;On the Antiquities of the Southern Coast&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt;It includes 4 mausoleums, 9 Greek churches, and 58 fortifications. Each and every one was a ruin even before Keppen laid eyes on it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related gallery: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/19" target="_self"&gt;Uvarov's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related narrations&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/37" target="_self"&gt;Among the Ruins&lt;/a&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/collections/show/40" target="_self"&gt;A Monumental Inscription&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related source map&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/beautifulspaces/item/898" target="_blank"&gt;Keppen's Antiquities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;</text>
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                <text>Petr Keppen, &lt;em&gt;O drevnostiakh IUzhnago Berega Kryma i Gor Tavricheskikh&lt;/em&gt; (Sankt Peterburg, 1837)</text>
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                <text>The trip from Alupka to the fortification takes an hour and a half. There among the towering pines are the remains of various buildings.(196-198)</text>
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                <text>The Stanford Library copy of Keppen's work was digitized by Google Books.</text>
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                <text>Khan Palace</text>
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                <text>Photo by Nicola e Pina, taken 3 August 2010</text>
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                <text>http://www.panoramio.com/photo/54032823</text>
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                <text>Omeka is a free, flexible, and open source web-publishing platform for the display of library, museum, archives, and scholarly collections and exhibitions.[...] Omeka is a Swahili word meaning to display or lay out wares; to speak out; to spread out; to unpack. Omeka falls at a crossroads of Web Content Management, Collections Management, and Archival Digital Collections Systems.&#13;
&#13;
http://omeka.org/about/</text>
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                <text>Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University</text>
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                  <text>The &lt;em&gt;fondy&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;em&gt;delo&lt;/em&gt; from which the documentary core of the project are drawn. The archival materials were accessed over the course of a series of visits to Russia and Ukraine between 2003 and 2011.</text>
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              <text>bound volumes</text>
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              <text>Russian State Historical Archive</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1760">
              <text>f. 1343, op. 51</text>
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              <text>September-December 2003</text>
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                <text>Tavrida Noble Register</text>
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                <text>Родословнав книга Таврической губернии</text>
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                <text>The noble assembly of each province was tasked with maintaining an official register of all resident nobles (as opposed to a register of all nobles who owned land in the province, which was another story altogether). The register (rodoslovnaia kniga) was updated annually, as individuals petitioned for inscription and were either confirmed as members or denied noble status by the assembly. &#13;
&#13;
This project draws on the noble registers produced in the years 1804 to 1853, 1804 being the first official register for Tavrida.</text>
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                <text>Tavrida Noble Assembly</text>
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                <text>1804-1853</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>Vignettes</text>
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                  <text>Descriptions of the places and spaces of Crimea culled from the accounts of the women and men who traveled through and settled down on the peninsula.</text>
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                <text>Bronevskii describes Alupka</text>
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                <text>Alupka was graced with plentiful raspberry, pear and fig trees and the cypresses planted by order of Potemkin in the 1780s. There were groves of laurel, and “everywhere wonderful rose bushes, lavender, jasmine and lilies,” gushed Bronevskii, “such that I thought I was in Italy.”</text>
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                <text>Vladimir Bogdanovich Bronevskii</text>
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                <text>Bronevskii, &lt;em&gt;Obozrenie iuzhnago berega Tavridy v 1815 godu&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Tula: Tip. Gubernskoe pravlenie, 1822): 59-60.</text>
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                <text>Vineyards are a dominant feature of the coastal region; in fact, they are a fundamental element of the region's spatial culture. Focusing on the vineyards provides us with much of the core "grammar" of the space we are examining:&#13;
&lt;ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Many of the vineyards throughout the coastal region are &lt;strong&gt;clustered &lt;/strong&gt;(the few that aren't are perhaps the most interesting).&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;The hachures are not detailed enough to allow us to make any robust observations about the relationship between vineyard locations and &lt;strong&gt;elevation &lt;/strong&gt;other than to say that they do not follow ridge lines (not terribly surprising!).&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Many of the vineyards are &lt;strong&gt;transected &lt;/strong&gt;by roads (bear in mind that these were mainly dirt and wide enough only for a single carriage), ravines, and rivers.&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;All are confined within the thin tracery of lines meant to suggest &lt;strong&gt;a variegated terrain of ownership, value, varietal, etc&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;The seemingly &lt;strong&gt;haphazard shapes and sizes&lt;/strong&gt; of the vineyards suggest that geography played a more important role in the demarcation of vineyard properties than survey lines or other forms of land administration.&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;This map obscures any sense of change over time. Here we learn nothing about the genealogy of the lines demarcating one vineyard parcel from another, and we are left to wonder about the history of ownership and productivity. Happily, troves of archival documents allow us to overcome the interpretive constraints of this &lt;strong&gt;temporal flatness&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>8</text>
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        <name>agriculture</name>
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        <name>wine</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>The &lt;em&gt;fondy&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;em&gt;delo&lt;/em&gt; from which the documentary core of the project are drawn. The archival materials were accessed over the course of a series of visits to Russia and Ukraine between 2003 and 2011.</text>
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      <description>Russian state archives are organized into fondy (фонды), or record groups. Record groups are then organized into one or more inventories (opisi, описи). Each fond, inventory, and document within the inventory, is assigned an identification code.</description>
      <elementContainer>
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              <text>State Archive of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>DAARK Fond 49, op.1: Tavrida Province Assembly of Noble Deputies</text>
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                <text>Таврическое губерское дворянское депутатское собрание</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fond 49 includes documents pertaining to the administrative concerns, appointments, elections to the noble assembly, the submission of petitions for noble status (some 273 cases), further documentation of such petitions, acceptance of such petitions (177 cases), and copies of the provincial noble registers (issued annually by the Heraldry).</text>
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