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The earliest cartographic attestation of Orianda, according to Keppen, is in the 1480 "atlas of Beninkaza of Ancona" [here he is referring to the portolan chart of the Black Sea by the famous cartographer Grazioso Benincasa], which Count Ivan (Jan)…

One of the trio of capes that mark the shift in topography from the southwesterly line to a westerly line along the coast to Balaklava. Anyone stationed here could see Ruskofil Kale, Palikaster, Yalta, Uchansu-Isar, and Orianda. Only the foundations…

Northwest of the cape of Ay Todor. This fortification is "the work of nature": a glade 40 feet by 8 feet almost completely enclosed by walls of rock.(194)

The trip from Alupka to the fortification takes an hour and a half. There among the towering pines are the remains of various buildings.(196-198)