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The earliest cartographic attestation of Orianda, according to Keppen, is in the 1480 "atlas of Beninkaza of Ancona" [here he is referring to the portolan chart of the Black Sea by the famous cartographer Grazioso Benincasa], which Count Ivan (Jan)…

Keppen's Tatar companions told him that this was the site (on the Nikita mys) of a monastery. Keppen approached from the state garden to the east and immediately saw the remains of a wall and further down the cave known as Khale Khoba (Kale Koba), 10…

The old coastal road from Alushta to Kuchuk Lambat is 9 versts and 400 sazhens. The halfway point is marked by the Demir Khapu (iron gate). From there the remains of a wall leading down to the shore are visible. Demir Khapu and Kastel Mountain both…